| a from do | refers to the particle a being derived from do e.g., rud a dhéanamh |
| copular sentence | a sentence where the subject is connected to the object, e.g., ba cheoltóir é; is fada liom uaim í |
| adverbial phrase | a phrase that has applications as an adverb, e.g., chríochnaigh siad ar deireadh; níl sé ar fáil |
| adjective | a word that qualifies a noun or pronominal, e.g., an carr dearg; an bosca mór; tá sé fliuch |
| verbal noun | a word that has applications both as a noun and a verb, e.g., deireadh na heitilte, ag eitilt; foghlaim a fháil, ag foghlaim |
| proper noun | a name of a certain person or a place, e.g., Liam; Éire |
| noun | word that is used in reference to a person or a place or a thing or an idea, e.g., bean; bóthar; camán; díograis |
| subject | the main noun (or its equivalent) in a sentence, e.g., cheannaigh Nuala mála nua, tá páipéar ar an mbord; canfaidh sé amhrán |
| clause | phrase that is linked to another phrase, e.g., chuaigh sí chun na hoifige [agus thosaigh sí ag obair]; [tá an lá tirim ach níl sé te] |
| relative clause | clause in which there is a relative particle or in which there is a relative form of a verb, e.g., sin í an cailín a dhún an doras ar maidin; cá bhfuil an bhróg nár ghlan tú inné? |
| slender consonant | consonant to which e or i is the closest vowel |
| lenitable consonant | a consonant that can undergo lenition — b, c, d, f, g, m, p, s (except for sc-, sf-, sm-, sp-, st- and sv-) and t |
| eclipsable consonant | a consonant that can undergo eclipsis — b, c, d, f, g, p and t |
| broad consonant | consonant where a, o or u are the nearest vowels |
| accusative | a noun (or its equivalent) that represents a person (or thing) on which an action is performed, e.g., léigh mé leabhar; tá an leabhar léite agam; léigh mé é; |
| diminutive | a suffix that makes a noun small, e.g., -ín; noun to which this suffix is applied, e.g., buachaillín |
| adverb | word or word group that qualifies another word that is not a noun or pronominal, e.g., rith sé go tapa; bhí sé mall go leor; bhí sí thuas beagnach nuair a thit sí |
| adjectival adverb | adverb that has an adjective form (with go or without go), e.g., ní thagann sí minic go leor; bhí sé díreach ag éirí; d’iarr sí air labhairt go cruinn |
| subordinate clause | clause that depends on a main clause it is related to, , e.g., chuala mé scéal nuair a bhí mé óg |
| prepositional clause | subordinate clause that starts on a preposition e.g., chun na bainise; ó dhaltaí scoile; leis an Roinn |
| proleptic prominal | pronominal that comes before the thing to which it refers, e.g., tá a fhios agam gurb ise a rinne é; ba mhaith liom a rá go bhfuilim an-bhuíoch díbh |
| adjectival function | a function that is the same as an adjective, that is to say, to qualify a noun or pronomnial, e.g., pingin ar bith; turas ar an Afraic |
| prepositional phrase | a small phrase (with two words, at least) that starts with a preposition, e.g., ar bith; ar leith; den scoth; in aisce |
| partitive genitive | genitive that qualifies a noun of quantity or part, e.g., roinnt aráin; mo chuid eolais; tuilleadh siúcra |
| subsequent | a pronominal, including a possessive adjective, that refers back to the the proleptic in an indirect relative clause, e.g., sin é an fear a bhfuil an carr aige |
| inflexion | change in word affixes to show the different functions of the word, e.g., amhrán, amhráin; beag, bige; can, canaigí |
| bare | in the personal numbers, no noun following |
| main clause | a clause that is not dependent on any other clause, e.g., chuala mé scéal nuair a bhí mé óg |
| compound preposition | a specific prepositional phrase that has a meaning as a unit and usually formed by preposition + noun, e.g., ar nós; d’ainneoin; thar ceann.
A prepositional phrase of this form is a compound preposition if the noun has another meaning in another context, for example, i gcás (in case) is a prepositional phrase meaning if; not a prepositional phrase i gcás meaning in a bag/case, in legal proceedings |
| simple preposition | a word placed before a noun or before a pronominal to show its relationship to another word in the sentence, e.g., bhuail mé le hÁine; chuir sé fáilte roimh na haíonna |
| antecedent | word or phrase in a main clause that goes directly before the relative particle, e.g., na mná a bhí ag caint |
| emphatic prefix | particle that goes before a word to stress it, e.g., tá sé an-chairdiúil; an-pheileadóir is ea í |
| partitive dative | the form preposition + dative, used in place of the partitive gentive, e.g., roinnt den arán; beirt de na páistí; cuid d’airgead Thomáis |